Divine Decree and Predestination According to Ibn ʿAṭiyya in His Exegesis Al-Muḥarrar al-Wajīz:A Presentation and Critique in Light of the Methodology of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʿah

This study addresses the issue of divine decree and predestination (qadaʾ wa-qadar) according to Ibn ʿAṭiyya, as presented in his exegesis Al-Muḥarrar al-Wajīz, considering it one of the most significant theological matters that have preoccupied Islamic sects. The research aims to uncover Ibn ʿAṭiyya’s understanding of qadaʾ and qadar, clarify the doctrinal foundations underlying his interpretation, and analyze his approach in light of the methodology of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʿah. The study begins with a preface introducing Ibn ʿAṭiyya al-Andalusī and outlining his theological approach to Qur’anic exegesis. The first section explores Ibn ʿAṭiyya’s concept of qadaʾ and qadar, their levels, and the influence of Ashʿarite theology on his interpretation. The second section presents the concept of qadaʾ and qadar and their four levels according to Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʿah, along with a discussion of the subtle differences between them. Among the key findings of the research is that Ibn ʿAṭiyya affirmed the four levels of divine decree and aligned with the majority of Ahl al-Sunnah in many instances, while Ashʿarite influence is also evident in his language. The study also highlights the excellence of his exegesis in combining transmitted knowledge (riwāyah) and critical analysis (dirāyah), supporting the approach of the early generations (salaf) in some cases, and engaging in interpretive reasoning (taʾwīl) in others. The research recommends a broader examination of Ibn ʿAṭiyya’s exegesis in other theological topics, especially concerning the Divine Names and Attributes and the issue of human actions.